before that, senior obama campaign advisor david axelrod. each has been working as though the entire campaign depends on what happens in next week's debate. the question is will it? we will talk about that in a moment. first, one indisputable truth, debates can make history. >> i have been -- >> september 26, 1960. the first televised presidential debate, signaling a new era where appearances matter more than ever and gaffes, however small, are magnified. >> the goals are the same for all americans. >> john f. kennedy, a young senator from massachusetts, facing off against vice president richard nixon, who is known to be a fierce debater. but on screen, kennedy looks cool and calm, while nixon looks uncomfortable, sweating profusely under the hot studio lights. nixon flounders under the glare of television for all four debates. kennedy goes on to win the election. in 1976, president gerald ford makes this blunder in his debate with georgia governor jimmy carter. >> there is no soviet domination of eastern europe and there never will be under